The angle at which the laser beam spreads in the far field; the bending of rays away from each other, as by a concave lens or convex mirror.

The angle at which the laser beam spreads in the far field; the bending of rays away from each other, as by a concave lens or convex mirror.

The length of time the laser beam is actually cutting, drilling, welding, or heat-treating, as compared to the entire work cycle time.

The electric field associated with a light wave and having both direction and amplitude. Commonly represented by a line with an arrowhead.

A disturbance which propagates outward from an electric charge which oscillates or is accelerated. Includes radio waves; X-rays; gamma rays; and infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light.